El bloqueo del hematoma no es suficiente como método de anestesia en la reducción de fracturas desplazadas de radio distal / The hematoma block is not enough as method of anesthesia in reduction of displaced distal radius fractures

Antecedentes y objetivo: Dos de cada tres fracturas de muñeca están desplazadas pero la mayoría pueden tratarse de forma conservadora tras una reducción cerrada. El dolor que refieren los pacientes durante la reducción cerrada de estas fracturas es variable y el mejor método para controlarlo no está bien establecido. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el dolor durante la reducción cerrada de fracturas de radio distal tras utilizar el bloqueo del hematoma como método anestésico. Material y método: Estudio clínico transversal que incluyó a todos los pacientes que presentaron una fractura aguda de radio distal que requirió reducción cerrada e inmovilización durante un periodo de seis meses en dos Hospitales Universitarios. Se registraron datos demográficos, clasificación de la fractura, dolor percibido mediante una escala visual analógica en diferentes momentos de la reducción y complicaciones. Resultados: Se incluyeron 94 pacientes consecutivos. La edad media fue de 61 años. La puntuación media del dolor en la evaluación inicial fue de seis puntos. Tras realizar el bloqueo del hematoma, el dolor percibido durante la maniobra de reducción descendió a 5,1 puntos en la muñeca, pero aumentó a 7,3 puntos en los dedos. El dolor disminuyó a 4,9 puntos durante la colocación del yeso y alcanzó 1,4 puntos tras la colocación del cabestrillo. El dolor referido fue mayor en las mujeres en todos los momentos. No hubo diferencias significativas según el tipo de fractura. No se observaron complicaciones neurológicas ni cutáneas. Conclusiones: El bloqueo del hematoma es un método solo ligeramente efectivo para reducir el dolor en la muñeca durante la reducción cerrada de las fracturas de muñeca. Esta técnica disminuye ligeramente el dolor percibido en la muñeca y no reduce el dolor en los dedos. Otros métodos de reducción u otras técnicas analgésicas pueden ser opciones más efectivas.(AU)

Background: Two out of three wrist fractures seen in the emergency are displaced but most can be treated conservatively after closed reduction. Patient-reported pain during closed reduction of distal radius fractures varies widely and the best method to decrease the perceived pain has not been well established. The purpose of this study was to assess the pain during closed reduction of distal radius fractures after using the hematoma block as method of anaesthesia. Patients and methods: Cross-sectional clinical study including all patients who presented an acute fracture of the distal radius requiring closed reduction and immobilization during a six-month period in two University Hospitals. Demographic data, fracture classification, perceived pain using a visual analog scale at different times of reduction and complications were registered. Results: Ninety-four consecutive patients were included. Mean age was 61 years. Mean pain score at initial assessment was 6 points. After the hematoma block, the perceived pain during the reduction manoeuvre improved to 5.1 points at the wrist, but increased to 7.3 points at the fingers. Pain decreased to 4.9 points during cast placement and reached 1.4 point after sling placement. The reported pain was higher in women at all times. There were no significant differences according to the according to the type of fracture. No neurological or skin complications were observed. Conclusions: The hematoma block is only a mild effective method to reduce the wrist pain during closed reduction of distal radius fractures. This technique decreases slightly the perceived pain in the wrist and does not reduce the pain in the fingers. Other reduction methods or other analgesic techniques may be more effective options.(AU)

[Translated article] The haematoma block is not enough as method of anaesthesia in reduction of displaced distal radius fractures / El bloqueo del haematoma no es suficiente como método de anestesia en la reducción de fracturas desplazadas de radio distal

Antecedentes y objetivo: Dos de cada tres fracturas de muñeca están desplazadas pero la mayoría pueden tratarse de forma conservadora tras una reducción cerrada. El dolor que refieren los pacientes durante la reducción cerrada de estas fracturas es variable y el mejor método para controlarlo no está bien establecido. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el dolor durante la reducción cerrada de fracturas de radio distal tras utilizar el bloqueo del hematoma como método anestésico. Material y método: Estudio clínico transversal que incluyó a todos los pacientes que presentaron una fractura aguda de radio distal que requirió reducción cerrada e inmovilización durante un periodo de seis meses en dos Hospitales Universitarios. Se registraron datos demográficos, clasificación de la fractura, dolor percibido mediante una escala visual analógica en diferentes momentos de la reducción y complicaciones. Resultados: Se incluyeron 94 pacientes consecutivos. La edad media fue de 61 años. La puntuación media del dolor en la evaluación inicial fue de seis puntos. Tras realizar el bloqueo del hematoma, el dolor percibido durante la maniobra de reducción descendió a 5,1 puntos en la muñeca, pero aumentó a 7,3 puntos en los dedos. El dolor disminuyó a 4,9 puntos durante la colocación del yeso y alcanzó 1,4 puntos tras la colocación del cabestrillo. El dolor referido fue mayor en las mujeres en todos los momentos. No hubo diferencias significativas según el tipo de fractura. No se observaron complicaciones neurológicas ni cutáneas. Conclusiones: El bloqueo del hematoma es un método solo ligeramente efectivo para reducir el dolor en la muñeca durante la reducción cerrada de las fracturas de muñeca. Esta técnica disminuye ligeramente el dolor percibido en la muñeca y no reduce el dolor en los dedos. Otros métodos de reducción u otras técnicas analgésicas pueden ser opciones más efectivas.(AU)

Background: Two out of three wrist fractures seen in the emergency are displaced but most can be treated conservatively after closed reduction. Patient-reported pain during closed reduction of distal radius fractures varies widely and the best method to decrease the perceived pain has not been well established. The purpose of this study was to assess the pain during closed reduction of distal radius fractures after using the hematoma block as method of anaesthesia. Patients and methods: Cross-sectional clinical study including all patients who presented an acute fracture of the distal radius requiring closed reduction and immobilization during a six-month period in two University Hospitals. Demographic data, fracture classification, perceived pain using a visual analog scale at different times of reduction and complications were registered. Results: Ninety-four consecutive patients were included. Mean age was 61 years. Mean pain score at initial assessment was 6 points. After the hematoma block, the perceived pain during the reduction manoeuvre improved to 5.1 points at the wrist, but increased to 7.3 points at the fingers. Pain decreased to 4.9 points during cast placement and reached 1.4 point after sling placement. The reported pain was higher in women at all times. There were no significant differences according to the according to the type of fracture. No neurological or skin complications were observed. Conclusions: The hematoma block is only a mild effective method to reduce the wrist pain during closed reduction of distal radius fractures. This technique decreases slightly the perceived pain in the wrist and does not reduce the pain in the fingers. Other reduction methods or other analgesic techniques may be more effective options.(AU)

[Translated article] The haematoma block is not enough as method of anaesthesia in reduction of displaced distal radius fractures.

BACKGROUND: Two out of three wrist fractures seen in an emergency department are displaced but most can be treated conservatively after closed reduction. Patient-reported pain during closed reduction of distal radius fractures varies widely and the best method to decrease the perceived pain has not been well established. The purpose of this study was to assess pain during closed reduction of distal radius fractures after using haematoma block as method of anaesthesia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional clinical study including all patients who presented an acute fracture of the distal radius requiring closed reduction and immobilisation during a six-month period in two University Hospitals. Demographic data, fracture classification, perceived pain using a visual analogue scale at different times of reduction and complications were registered. RESULTS: Ninety-four consecutive patients were included. Mean age was 61 years. Mean pain score at initial assessment was 6 points. After the haematoma block, the perceived pain during the reduction manoeuvre improved to 5.1 points at the wrist, but increased to 7.3 points at the fingers. Pain decreased to 4.9 points during cast placement and reached 1.4 point after sling placement. The reported pain was higher in women at all times. There were no significant differences according to the according to the type of fracture. No neurological or skin complications were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Haematoma block is only a mildly effective method to reduce wrist pain during closed reduction of distal radius fractures. This technique slightly decreases the perceived pain in the wrist and does not reduce the pain in the fingers. Other reduction methods or other analgesic techniques may be more effective options. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic study. Cross-sectional study - Level IV.

Brain-anatomy image data set for problem solving associated with reversal error: Volumetric data.

Reversal Error (RE) is a common error in algebra problem solving. This error occurs when students recognize the information in the statement but make mistakes when translating some sentences from natural language to algebraic language, reversing the relationship between two variables in comparison word problems. Structural Magnetic Resonance Image (sMRI) data were collected with the purpose of identifying brain anatomical regions related to the RE phenomenon. The aim of the research was to investigate the brain anatomy differences between participants who failed more than 50% of the answers on the task (N=15) and those who responded correctly 100% of the time (N=18). sMRI analysis revealed differences between the two groups, and details about these data can be found in Ventura-Campos et al. (2022) [1]. This data set contains the sMRI (raw data, pre-processed images), and an excel file with personal information such as age and gender, the scanner with which their sMRI were collected, and the group to which each of the 33 subjects belonged.

The hematoma block is not enough as method of anesthesia in reduction of displaced distal radius fractures. / El bloqueo del hematoma no es suficiente como método de anestesia en la reducción de fracturas desplazadas de radio distal.

BACKGROUND: Two out of three wrist fractures seen in the emergency are displaced but most can be treated conservatively after closed reduction. Patient-reported pain during closed reduction of distal radius fractures varies widely and the best method to decrease the perceived pain has not been well established. The purpose of this study was to assess the pain during closed reduction of distal radius fractures after using the hematoma block as method of anaesthesia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional clinical study including all patients who presented an acute fracture of the distal radius requiring closed reduction and immobilization during a six-month period in two University Hospitals. Demographic data, fracture classification, perceived pain using a visual analog scale at different times of reduction and complications were registered. RESULTS: Ninety-four consecutive patients were included. Mean age was 61 years. Mean pain score at initial assessment was 6 points. After the hematoma block, the perceived pain during the reduction manoeuvre improved to 5.1 points at the wrist, but increased to 7.3 points at the fingers. Pain decreased to 4.9 points during cast placement and reached 1.4 point after sling placement. The reported pain was higher in women at all times. There were no significant differences according to the according to the type of fracture. No neurological or skin complications were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The hematoma block is only a mild effective method to reduce the wrist pain during closed reduction of distal radius fractures. This technique decreases slightly the perceived pain in the wrist and does not reduce the pain in the fingers. Other reduction methods or other analgesic techniques may be more effective options. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic study. Cross-sectional study - Level IV.

Cost-effectiveness of benralizumab versus mepolizumab and dupilumab in patients with severe uncontrolled eosinophilic asthma in Spain.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the cost-effectiveness of benralizumab (benra) vs. mepolizumab (mepo) and dupilumab (dupi) for the treatment of patients with severe uncontrolled asthma from the Spanish Health System perspective. METHODS: Exacerbations avoided, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained and costs in a 5-year period were estimated with a Markov model for a cohort of 1,000 patients in which, based on published evidence, 31% of the patients received biologics + oral corticosteroids (OCS) and 69% received only biologics. Efficacy data (exacerbation reduction and OCS elimination) were derived from a matching-adjusted indirect comparison. Published EQ-5D utilities per health state (biologic alone, biologic + OCS, standard of care + OCS, exacerbations, and post-exacerbations) were used for QALY estimation. Utility decrements associated with exacerbation management [-0.1 (OCS or emergency visits), -0.2 (hospitalization)] derived from the literature were applied. Costs (€, 2022) included drug acquisition (ex-factory price), administration and disease management. An expert panel (2 pneumologists and 1 pharmacist) validated all inputs. RESULTS: Benra was more effective (52.21 QALYs) than mepo (51.39 QALYs) and dupi (51.30 QALYs). Benra avoided more exacerbations (2.87 exacerbations) compared to mepo (4.70 exacerbations) and dupi (5.11 exacerbations) for the 5-year horizon. Total costs/patient were €56,093.77 (benra), €59,280.45 (mepo) and €62,991.76 (dupi), resulting in benra dominating (more QALYs with lower costs) vs. mepo and dupi. CONCLUSIONS: Benralizumab can be considered as a dominant treatment alternative vs. other biologic drugs for the treatment of uncontrolled severe eosinophilic asthma patients in Spain.

Calidad de las prescripciones de medicamentos opioides posterior a una intervención educativa en médicos residentes / [Quality of opioid medication prescriptions after an educational intervention in resident doctors]

Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto de una intervención educativa en la calidad de las prescripciones de medicamentos opioides. Métodos: Se aplicó el instrumento IAM (Índice de Adecuación de la Medicación) a 10 médicos residentes de la subespecialidad de medicina paliativa y del dolor para determinar la calidad de las prescripciones de analgésicos opioides, antes y después de haber realizado una intervención educativa (IE) en farmacoterapia racional. Resultados: Se analizaron un total de 181 prescripciones, 55 antes y 126 después de la IE. Se mejoraron las puntuaciones del nivel de acuerdo en todos los ítems del perfil descriptivo de los médicos participantes. La calidad de la prescripción aumentó del 14,5% al 73%, mejorando en todas las áreas, excepto la duplicidad de tratamientos. Conclusiones: La IE mejoró la calidad de las prescripciones y el perfil prescriptivo de los médicos participantes. El instrumento IAM es útil para determinar la calidad de las prescripciones de opioides. (AU)

Objective: To assess the impact of an educational intervention on the quality of opioid drug prescriptions. Methods: The MAI (Medication Adequacy Index) instrument was applied to 10 resident physicians of the Palliative and Pain Medicine Subspeciality to determine the quality of opioid analgesic prescriptions before and after an educational intervention (EI) in rational pharmacotherapy. Results: A total of 181 prescriptions were analyzed, 55 before and 126 after the EI. The level of agreement scores improved for all items of the physicians’ descriptive profile. Prescription quality increased from 14.5% to 73%, improving in all areas except for duplicity of treatment. Conclusions: The EI improved the quality of the prescriptions and the physicians’ prescribing profile. The MAI instrument is useful to determine the quality of opioid prescriptions. (AU)

Combined Gait and Grasping in Autistic and Non-Autistic Youths.

This study was designed to extend research on motor skill development in autism spectrum disorder using a dual-task skill. Nine autistic and 18 non-autistic youths walked without grasping or while reaching to grasp a small or large object. Step extremity ratio, percent time in double support, and normalized speed were quantified. We hypothesized that gait would differ between autistic and non-autistic youth and that differences would be moderated by the phase (approach and grasp) and the complexity of the task (walking and grasping versus walking alone). Although gait parameters were similar during the walking-only trials, the combined task resulted in slower speed and shorter steps in autistic youth, particularly during the grasp phase. These findings, while in a small sample, offer preliminary evidence that autistic youth who show typical gait during simple assessments of motor ability may have difficulties in more complex tasks that require the coordination of movements.

Retrasplante pulmonar. Experiencia de un centro de referencia / Lung retransplant. Experience of a referral centre

ANTECEDENTES Y OBJETIVOS: El retrasplante pulmonar (RTP) es un tratamiento válido en pacientes con disfunción pulmonar, pero con una elevada morbimortalidad. Nuestro objetivo es analizar nuestra experiencia en RTP en supervivencia y función pulmonar. PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo de pacientes con RTP (1990-2019). VARIABLES: receptores y procedimiento, mortalidad precoz, supervivencia y función pulmonar en pacientes CLAD. Variables cuantitativas (media±DE); cualitativas (%). Se utilizó el test t de Student o χ2. La supervivencia se estimó mediante Kaplan-Meier, comparándose con Log Rank. Se estableció como significativa p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: De 784 pacientes trasplantados, 25 pacientes (edad media 38,41 ± 16,3 años, 12 hombres y 13 mujeres) fueron RTP; CLAD (n = 19), infarto pulmonar (n = 2), complicaciones de vía aérea (n = 2), disfunción del injerto (n = 1), rechazo hiperagudo (n = 1). Tiempo medio hasta el retrasplante: 5,41 ± 3,87 años en CLAD y 21,2 ± 21,4 días en no CLAD. La mortalidad a 90 días fue del 52% y 36,8% en el segundo periodo (p = 0,007), siendo mayor en pacientes que precisaron ECMO preoperatorio (80 vs. 20%, p = 0,04). La supervivencia a 1 y 5 años fue del 53,9% y 37,7%, respectivamente (p = 0,016). La supervivencia del grupo CLAD fue mayor (p = 0,08). El ECMO pre RTP disminuyó la supervivencia (p = 0,032). FEV1 mejoró una media de 0,98 ± 0,13L (25,6 ± 18,8%) (p = 0,001). CONCLUSIONES: El RTP es un procedimiento de elevada mortalidad que obliga a una cuidadosa selección de los pacientes, con mejores resultados en aquellos con CLAD. La función pulmonar de los pacientes con CLAD mejoró significativamente

BACKGROUND: Lung retransplantation (LR) is a valid choice with a significant risk of perioperative morbidity and mortality in selected patients with graft dysfunction after lung transplantation. Our goal is to analyse our experience in LR in terms of survival and lung function. METHODS: Retrospective study of patients undergoing LR (1990-2019). VARIABLES: recipients and procedure, early mortality, survival and lung function in patients with CLAD. Quantitative variables (mean±SD); qualitative (%). Student's t test or χ2 was used. Survival was estimated using Kaplan-Meier, compared with Log Rank. A p < 0.05 was established as significant. RESULTS: Of 784 transplanted patients, 25 patients (mean age 38.41-16.3 years, 12 men and 13 women) were LR; (CLAD (n = 19), pulmonary infarction (n = 2), airway complications (n = 2), graft dysfunction (n = 1), hyperacute rejection (n = 1), mean time to retransplantation: 5.41 ± 3.87 years in CLAD and 21.2 ± 21.4 days in non-CLAD. The 90-day mortality was 52% and 36.8% in the second period (p = 0.007), being higher in patients who required preoperative ECMO (80 vs. 20%, p = 0.04). The 1- and 5-year survival was 53.9% and 37.7%, respectively (p = 0.016). Survival of the CLAD group was greater (p = 0.08). Pre LR ECMO decreased survival (p = 0.032). After LR, FEV1 improved an average of 0.98 ± 0.13L (25.6 ± 18.8%) (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: LR is a high mortality procedure that requires careful selection of patients with better results in patients with CLAD. The lung function of patients with CLAD improved significantly

Rpb4 and Puf3 imprint and post-transcriptionally control the stability of a common set of mRNAs in yeast.

Gene expression involving RNA polymerase II is regulated by the concerted interplay between mRNA synthesis and degradation, crosstalk in which mRNA decay machinery and transcription machinery respectively impact transcription and mRNA stability. Rpb4, and likely dimer Rpb4/7, seem the central components of the RNA pol II governing these processes. In this work we unravel the molecular mechanisms participated by Rpb4 that mediate the posttranscriptional events regulating mRNA imprinting and stability. By RIP-Seq, we analysed genome-wide the association of Rpb4 with mRNAs and demonstrated that it targeted a large population of more than 1400 transcripts. A group of these mRNAs was also the target of the RNA binding protein, Puf3. We demonstrated that Rpb4 and Puf3 physically, genetically, and functionally interact and also affect mRNA stability, and likely the imprinting, of a common group of mRNAs. Furthermore, the Rpb4 and Puf3 association with mRNAs depends on one another. We also demonstrated, for the first time, that Puf3 associates with chromatin in an Rpb4-dependent manner. Our data also suggest that Rpb4 could be a key element of the RNA pol II that coordinates mRNA synthesis, imprinting and stability in cooperation with RBPs.

Lung retransplant. Experience of a referral centre. / Retrasplante pulmonar. Experiencia de un centro de referencia.

BACKGROUND: Lung retransplantation (LR) is a valid choice with a significant risk of perioperative morbidity and mortality in selected patients with graft dysfunction after lung transplantation. Our goal is to analyse our experience in LR in terms of survival and lung function. METHODS: Retrospective study of patients undergoing LR (1990-2019). VARIABLES: recipients and procedure, early mortality, survival and lung function in patients with CLAD. Quantitative variables (mean±SD); qualitative (%). Student's t test or χ2 was used. Survival was estimated using Kaplan-Meier, compared with Log Rank. A p < 0.05 was established as significant. RESULTS: Of 784 transplanted patients, 25 patients (mean age 38.41-16.3 years, 12 men and 13 women) were LR; (CLAD (n = 19), pulmonary infarction (n = 2), airway complications (n = 2), graft dysfunction (n = 1), hyperacute rejection (n = 1), mean time to retransplantation: 5.41 ± 3.87 years in CLAD and 21.2 ± 21.4 days in non-CLAD. The 90-day mortality was 52% and 36.8% in the second period (p = 0.007), being higher in patients who required preoperative ECMO (80 vs. 20%, p = 0.04). The 1- and 5-year survival was 53.9% and 37.7%, respectively (p = 0.016). Survival of the CLAD group was greater (p = 0.08). Pre LR ECMO decreased survival (p = 0.032). After LR, FEV1 improved an average of 0.98 ± 0.13L (25.6 ± 18.8%) (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: LR is a high mortality procedure that requires careful selection of patients with better results in patients with CLAD. The lung function of patients with CLAD improved significantly.

Antifungal susceptibility of oral isolates of Candida species from chronic kidney disease patients on chronic dialysis.

Chronic renal disease patients under chronic dialysis (CRDD) have a multifactorial immunological deterioration with an increased risk of Candida infections. Incidence of Candida infections is increasing. Choice of suitable antifungal agents is limited due to the resistance of some species to several antifungals. Aim of the present study was to identify the distribution and antifungal susceptibility patterns of oral isolated Candida species from infected and colonized patients, as well as to investigate the risk factors for oral infection in patients on dialysis. Cross-sectional study, approved by the institutional bioethics committees was performed in CRDD patients. Demographic, clinic data, and oral mucosa samples were obtained. Infection diagnosis was established clinically and confirmed with exfoliative cytology, each sample was plated on CHROMagar Candida and incubated at 36°C for 2 days. Yeast species were identified by carbohydrate assimilation ID 32C AUX system and the apiweb database. For the antifungal susceptibility test, the M44 A-3 method (CLSI) using fluconazole (FCZ), miconazole (MCZ), nystatin (NYS), and voriconazole (VCZ). Study included 119 participants, the main cause of CRD was nephropathy due to DM2 (58%), and three-fourths of the patients were under hemodialysis. Candida prevalence was 56.3% of 67 colonized or infected patients, 88 isolates were obtained. Principal identified species were C. albicans (51.1%), C. glabrata (25%), and C. tropicalis (14.8%). C. glabrata showed a reduced response to FCZ in 50% of isolates and C. albicans had a reduced response in 16% of the isolates. Antifungal agent with the least efficacious response or with the lowest susceptibility in the isolates of these patients was MCZ, followed by VCZ and FCZ, whereas NYS induced the best antifungal response.

Serum metabolomic fingerprints of lambs fed chitosan and its association with performance and meat quality traits.

Chitosan (CHI) is a natural biopolymer with antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and digestive modulatory effects, which can be used in the ruminant diet to replace antibiotics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of CHI on lamb growth traits, nutrients digestibility, muscle and fatty deposition, meat fatty acid (FA) profile, meat quality traits and serum metabolome. Thirty 30-month-old male lambs, half Suffolk and half Dorper, with an average BW of 21.65 ± 0.86 kg, were fed in a feedlot system for a total of 70 days. The lambs were separated into two groups according to the diet: the control (CON) group which received the basal diet and the CHI group which received the basal diet with the addition of CHI as 2 g/kg of DM in the diet. Lambs supplemented with CHI had a greater (P < 0.05) final BW, DM intake, final body metabolic weight (P < 0.05) and lower residual feed intake than the CON group. Animals fed CHI had a greater (P < 0.05) starch digestibility at 14 and 28 days, average daily gain at 14, 42 and 56 days, greater feed efficiency at 28 days and feed conversation at 14 and 42 days in feedlot. Most of the carcass traits were not affected (P > 0.05) by the treatment; however, the CHI supplementation improved (P < 0.05) dressing and longissimus muscle area. The treatments had no effect (P > 0.05) on the meat colour and other quality measurements. Meat from the CHI-fed lambs had a greater concentration (P < 0.05) of oleic-cis-9 acid, linoleic acid, linolenic-trans-6 acid, arachidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid. According to the variable importance in projection score, the most important metabolites to differentiate between the CON and the CHI group were hippurate, acetate, hypoxanthine, arginine, malonate, creatine, choline, myo-inositol, 2-oxoglutarate, alanine, glycerol, carnosine, histidine, glutamate and 3-hydroxyisobutyrate. Similarly, fold change (FC) analysis highlighted succinate (FC = 1.53), arginine (FC = 1.51), hippurate (FC = 0.68), myo-inositol (FC = 1.48), hypoxanthine (FC = 1.45), acetate (FC = 0.73) and malonate (FC = 1.35) as metabolites significantly different between groups. In conclusion, the present data showed that CHI changes the muscle metabolism improving muscle mass deposition, the lamb's performance and carcass dressing. In addition, CHI led to an alteration in the FA metabolism, changes in the meat FA profile and improvements in meat quality.

Performance, carcass traits and serum metabolomic profile of Nellore males with different genetic potential for post-weaning growth.

The BW has been largely used as a selection criterion in genetic selection programmes; however, increases in BW can affect animal metabolism and metabolites. The knowledge of how genetic potential for growth affects the metabolites can give a footprint of growth metabolism. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of genetic potential for post-weaning growth (GG) on performance, carcass traits and serum metabolome of non-castrated Nellore males during the finishing phase. Forty-eight Nellore non-castrated males, with divergent potential for post-weaning growth, were selected and divided into two groups: high potential for post-weaning growth (HG; n = 24) and low potential for post-weaning growth (LG; n = 24). Animals were kept and fed for 90 days where performance and ultrasound carcass traits were evaluated. Blood samples were collected at the beginning and end of feeding period to analyse serum metabolites concentration. The hot carcass weight and dressing percentage were recorded at slaughter. The feedlot performance and carcass traits were not affected by genetic potential. The HG animals had a lower glucose (P = 0.039), glutamate (P = 0.038), glutamine (P = 0.004), greater betaine (P = 0.039) and pyruvate (P = 0.039) compared to the LG group at the beginning of feedlot. In addition, higher creatine phosphate concentrations were observed at the beginning of feeding period, compared to final, for both groups (P = 0.039). In conclusion, the genetic potential for post-weaning growth does not affect performance and carcass traits during the finishing period. Differences in metabolite concentrations can be better found at the beginning of feedlot, providing a footprint of growth metabolism, but similar metabolite concentration at the end of finishing period.

Asthma, comorbidities, and aggravating circumstances: the GEMA-FORUM II task force

No disponible

Monitoring of the novel rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus type 2 (GI.2) epidemic in European wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in southern Spain, 2013-2017.

Rabbit hemorrhagic disease (RHD) is a highly infectious disease in European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), caused by a virus belonging to the genus Lagovirus (RHDV; family Caliciviridae). In 2010, a new genotype of RHDV (RHDV2 or RHDVb, currently designated GI.2) emerged in France, affecting both domestic rabbits, even those vaccinated for the classical RHDV genotypes (currently designated GI.1) and wild rabbits. GI.2 was subsequently identified in other European countries. The aim of the present study was to monitor the GI.2 epidemic in wild rabbits in Andalusia (southern Spain) during the period 2013-2017. At the beginning of summer 2013, high mortalities were detected in wild rabbit populations in southern Spain. A total of 96 affected hunting or protected areas were surveyed. The first outbreak was observed on June 2013. The number of outbreaks sharply increased in 2013 and 2014, with a decreasing trend being observed during the following years. The spatial distribution of GI.2 was not homogeneous, since most of the detected outbreaks were concentrated in the western part of Andalusia. The outbreaks peaked in winter and spring and have been detected in the last five consecutive years, which suggests endemic circulation of GI.2 in wild rabbit populations in Spain. A total of 190 dead rabbits from 87 of the 96 areas surveyed were collected during the study period. Mortality affected rabbits of different age classes, including kittens. RT-PCR confirmed the presence of GI.2 RNA in the livers of 185 of the 190 (97.4%) rabbits. Phylogenetic analysis performed on eleven samples collected in different provinces of Andalusia between 2013 and 2017, showed high nucleotide identity with GI.2 strains Spain, France and Portugal. The results constitute an important step in understanding of the emergence and spread of GI.2 in this country and will provide valuable information for the development of surveillance programs in Europe.